Mr. McGuire earned a B.S. in physics and economics from Hobart College, an M.S. in engineering from The Thayer School at Dartmouth College, and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. Mr. McGuire brings to our board of directors extensive experiences as a venture capitalist focused on the biotechnology industry, as well as many years of experience as a director of biotechnology companies guiding them in the execution of their corporate strategy and objectives.
Michael Mendelsohn, M.D. has served as a member of our Board of Directors since we commenced operations as an independent company in April 2019. Dr. Mendelsohn has been the executive chairman of Cardurion Pharmaceuticals since May 2016 and is the president of the Mendelsohn Consulting Group LLC, which he formed in September 2013. Since April 2015, Dr. Mendelsohn has been a senior advisor and consultant to the chief medical and scientific officer of Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. And, since December 2014 until Fall of 2018 he served as senior advisor and consultant and a member of the pharmaceutical’s advisor committee for the chief scientific officer and president of R&D at Ironwood. From May 2014 until July 2017, Dr. Mendelsohn was a venture partner for SV Health Investors. Prior to that, Dr. Mendelsohn was the senior vice president and global head of cardiovascular research at Merck Research Laboratories from June 2010 to November 2013. From 1993 to 2010, Dr. Mendelsohn served in various roles at Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, including as founder and executive director of the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and as chief scientific officer from 2008 to 2010. Previously, Dr. Mendelsohn was a member of the cardiovascular faculty at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Dr. Mendelsohn serves as a director of Foghorn Therapeutics, Inc. and previously served on the board of directors of Regado Biosciences Inc. from November 2013 to May 2015.
Dr. Mendelsohn received a B.A. in chemistry and English from Amherst College and a M.D. from Harvard Medical School. Dr. Mendelsohn brings extensive experience to our Board of Directors as a physician-scientist, along with his insights as a consultant to lead researchers for multinational biopharmaceutical companies.
Errol De Souza, Ph.D. has served as a member of our Board of Directors since April 2021. Dr. De Souza has been the executive chairman of Bionomics Limited since November 2018. Previously, Dr. De Souza served as president, chief executive officer, and director of several companies, including Neuropore Therapies, Inc from January 2017 to December 2019, Biodel, Inc. from March 2010 to January 2016, Archemix Corp from April 2003 to March 2009 and Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation from September 2002 to March 2003. From September 1998 to September 2002 Dr. De Souza held senior vice president roles at Hoechst Marion Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. He was also founder, chief scientific officer and director at Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. from October 1992 to August 1998 and Head of CNS Diseases Research at DuPont Merck from May 1990 to October 1992. Dr. De Souza is currently a member of the board of directors of Catalyst Biosciences, Inc., Bionomics Limited and Royalty Pharma. He has previously served on the board of directors of Targacept, Inc., IDEXX Laboratories, Palatin Technologies, Inc. and a number of private company boards.
Dr. De Souza received a B.A. in physiology and a Ph.D. in endocrinology from the University of Toronto. Dr. De Souza brings to our board extensive strategic and CNS experience as an executive in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, having founded companies and served as executive chairman, president, and CEO of several private bio-pharmaceutical companies.
Independence of Directors
As required under the listing standards of the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”), a majority of the members of a listed company’s Board of Directors must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the Board of Directors. The Board consults with the Company’s counsel to ensure that the Board’s determinations are consistent with relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the definition of “independent,” including those set forth in pertinent listing standards of Nasdaq, as in effect from time to time.
Consistent with these considerations, after review of all relevant identified transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors, the Board has affirmatively determined that the following seven directors satisfy the independence standard established by the Nasdaq listing standards, as well as the corporate governance guidelines adopted by our Board of Directors: Messrs. Conrades and McGuire, Drs. Isacson, Mendelsohn and De Souza, and Mses. Fanucci and Lovell. In making this determination, the Board found that none of these directors or nominees for director had a material or other disqualifying relationship with the Company.